Document Type : Review articles
Authors
1
Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Iran
2
Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
10.22091/ijpb.2026.16926.1014
Abstract
The increase in postharvest losses in horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, has become one of the major challenges in food security and supply chain sustainability due to high perishability, physiological stresses, and oxidative damage. The use of traditional chemical compounds, although effective to some extent in spoilage control, has highlighted the need for safe and biocompatible alternatives due to environmental concerns and consumer health risks. In the meantime, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) as an endogenous, non-toxic, and multifunctional signaling molecule has great potential for application in postharvest technology. Research evidence shows that exogenous application of melatonin can prevent the occurrence of physiological disorders and premature aging by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, increasing the activity of protective enzymes and non-enzymatic compounds, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and maintaining the integrity of cell membranes. In addition, melatonin modulates the expression of defense genes and increases the tolerance of horticultural products to post-harvest stresses, including frost, by regulating ethylene-, salicylic acid-, and abscisic acid-dependent signaling pathways. These properties maintain quality traits such as tissue firmness, soluble matter content, phenolic compounds, and vitamins during storage. Accordingly, melatonin can be a suitable alternative to conventional chemical methods as a green and sustainable preservative and play an effective role in reducing waste, increasing shelf life, and improving the quality of horticultural products.
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